windows kerberos authentication breaks due to security updates

Online discussions suggest that a number of . RC4 should be disabled unless you are running systems that cannot use higher encryption ciphers. This behavior has changed with the updates released on or afterNovember 8, 2022and will now strictly follow what is set in the registry keys, msds-SupportedEncryptionTypes and DefaultDomainSupportedEncTypes. It is a network service that supplies tickets to clients for use in authenticating to services. More information on potential issues that could appear after installing security updates to mitigate CVE-2020-17049 can be found here. It must have access to an account database for the realm that it serves. Next stepsWe are working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. Fixes promised. Kerberos is a computer network authentication protocol which works based on tickets to allow for nodes communicating over a network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. Security-only updates are not cumulative, and you will also need to install all previous security-only updates to be fully up to date. MONITOR events filed during Audit mode to help secure your environment. Windows Kerberos authentication breaks after November updates (bleepingcomputer.com) three days ago that the November updates break Kerberos "in situations where you have set the 'This account supports Kerberos AES 256 bit encryption' or 'This account . These technologies/functionalities are outside the scope of this article. In addition, environments that do not have AES session keys within the krbgt account may be vulnerable. But there's also the problem of maintaining 24/7 Internet access at all the business' facilities and clients. If the account does not have msds-SupportedEncryptionTypes set, or it is set to 0, domain controllers assume a default value of 0x27 (39) or the domain controller will use the setting in the registry key DefaultDomainSupportedEncTypes. Printing that requires domain user authentication might fail. This registry key is temporary, and will no longer be read after the full Enforcement date of October 10, 2023. After installing updates released May 10, 2022 on your domain controllers, you might see authentication failures on the server or client for services such as Network Policy Server (NPS), Routing and Remote access Service (RRAS), Radius, Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), and Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP). After installing updates released on November 8, 2022 or later, on Windows servers with the role of a domain controller, you may experience problems with Kerberos authentication. To mitigate the issues, you will need to investigate your domain further to find Windows domain controllers that are not up to date. Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1:KB5021651(released November 18, 2022). Translation: The DC, krbtgt account, and client have a Kerberos Encryption Type mismatch.Resolution: Analyze the DC and client to determine why the mismatch is occurring. The SAML AAA vserver is working, and authenticates all users. Workaround from MSFT engineer is to add the following reg keys on all your dcs. Extensible authentication protocol (EAP): Wireless networks and point-to-point connections often lean on EAP. Event ID 16 Description: While processing a TGS request for the target server http/foo.contoso.com, the account admin@contoso.com did not have a suitable key for generating a Kerberos ticket (the missing key has an ID of 8). Event ID 26 Description: While processing an AS request for target service krbtgt/CONTOSO.COM, the account Client$ did not have a suitable key for generating a Kerberos ticket (the missing key has an ID of 3). After deploying theupdate, Windows domain controllers that have been updatedwill have signatures added to the Kerberos PAC Buffer and will be insecureby default (PAC signature is not validated). They should have made the reg settings part of the patch, a bit lame not doing so. For more information about Kerberos Encryption types, see Decrypting the Selection of Supported Kerberos Encryption Types. Windows Server 2019: KB5021655 You may have explicitly defined encryption types on your user accounts that are vulnerable to CVE-2022-37966. 2 - Checks if there's a strong certificate mapping. For our purposes today, that means user, computer, and trustedDomain objects. End-users may notice a delay and an authentication error following it. If you obtained a version previously, please download the new version. Introduction to this blog series:https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-directory-services-team/having-issues-since-deploying Part 2 of this blog series:https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-directory-services-team/so-you-say-your-dc-s-memory-i You must be a registered user to add a comment. 08:42 AM. The known issue, actively investigated by Redmond, can affect any Kerberos authentication scenario within affected enterprise environments. Microsoft is working on a fix for this known issue and estimates that a solution will be available in the coming weeks. ago If you have already installed updates released November 8, 2022, you do not need to uninstall the affected updates before installing any later updates including the updates listed above. To mitigate this knownissue, open a Command Prompt window as an Administrator and temporarily use the following command to set theregistry key KrbtgtFullPacSignature to 0: NoteOnce this known issue is resolved, you should set KrbtgtFullPacSignature to a higher setting depending on what your environment will allow. NoteThe following updates are not available from Windows Update and will not install automatically. So, this is not an Exchange specific issue. If you've already registered, sign in. There is also a reference in the article to a PowerShell script to identify affected machines. Event ID 42 Description: The Kerberos Key Distribution Center lacks strong keys for account krbtgt. Unsupported versions of Windows includes Windows XP, Windows Server 2003,Windows Server 2008 SP2, and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 cannot be accessed by updated Windows devices unless you have an ESU license. Note: This will allow the use of RC4 session keys, which are considered vulnerable. If yes, authentication is allowed. LAST UPDATED ON NOVEMBER 15, 2022 QUICK READ 1 min Let's get started! kb5019964 - Windows Server 2016 If you have still pre Windows 2008/Vista Servers/Clients: An entire forest and all trusts should have a common Kerberos encryption type to avoid a likely outage. On top of that, if FAST, Compound Identity, Windows Claims, or Resource SID Compression has been enabled on accounts that dont have specific encryption types specified within the environment, it also will cause the KDC to NOT issue Kerberos tickets as the attribute msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes is no longer NULL or a value of 0. All rights reserved 19982023, Bringing OS version into sync with Enterprise and Education editions, January Patch Tuesday update resolves issue caused by Patch Tuesday update late in '22, Heres what the AWS customer obsession means to you, Techies forced to mop up after update caused ASR rules to detect false positives, wiping icons and apps shortcuts, Enhanced access privileges for partners choke on double-byte characters, contribute to global delays, Wants around $10 a month for stuff you get free today, plus plenty more new features, Sees collaborationware as its route into foreign markets, Happy Friday 13th sysadmins! The November 8, 2022 and later Windows updates address security bypass and elevation of privilege vulnerability with Authentication Negotiation by using weak RC4-HMAC negotiation. People in your environment might be unable to sign into services or applications using Single Sign On (SSO) using Active Directory or in a hybrid Azure AD environment. In the past 2-3 weeks I've been having problems. To deploy the Windows updates that are dated November 8, 2022 or later Windows updates, follow these steps: UPDATEyour Windows domain controllers with an update released on or after November 8, 2022. For example: Set msds-SupportEncryptionTypes to 0 to let domain controllers use the default value of 0x27. This XML query below can be used to filter for these: You need to evaluate the passwordLastSet attribute for all user accounts (including service accounts) and make sure it is a date later than when Windows Server 2008 (or later) DCs were introduced into the environment. The issue does not impact devices used by home customers and those that aren't enrolled in an on-premises domain. 3 -Enforcement mode. It was created in the 1980s by researchers at MIT. Kerberos has replaced the NTLM protocol as thedefault authentication protocolfor domain-connected devices on all Windows versions above Windows 2000. There also were other issues including users being unable to access shared folders on workstations and printer connections that require domain user authentication failing. As we reported last week, updates released November 8 or later that were installed on Windows Server with the Domain Controller duties of managing network and identity security requests disrupted Kerberos authentication capabilities, ranging from failures in domain user sign-ins and Group Managed Service Accounts authentication to remote desktop connections not connecting. Microsoft confirmed that Kerberos delegation scenarios where . New signatures are added, and verified if present. I guess they cannot warn in advance as nobody knows until it's out there. Microsoft advised customers to update to Windows 11 in lieu of providing ESU software for Windows 8.1. This can be done by Filtering the System Event log on the domain controllers for the following: Event Log: SystemEvent Source: Kerberos-Key-Distribution-CenterEvent IDs: 16,27,26,14,42NOTE: If you want to know about the detailed description, and what it means, see the section later in this article labeled: Kerberos Key Distribution Center Event error messages. I will still patch the .NET ones. The process I setting up the permissions is: Create a user mssql-startup in the OU of my domain with Active Directory Users and Computers. Explanation: If are trying to enforce AES anywhere in your environments, these accounts may cause problems. If this issue continues during Enforcement mode, these events will be logged as errors. Timing of updates to address Kerberos vulnerabilityCVE-2022-37967, KB5021131: How to manage the Kerberos protocol changes related to CVE-2022-37966, Privilege Attribute Certificate Data Structure. Skipping cumulative and security updates for AD DS and AD FS! All domain controllers in your domain must be updated first before switching the update to Enforced mode. Microsoft is investigating a new known issue causing enterprise domain controllers to experience Kerberos sign-in failures and other authentication problems after installing cumulative updates released during this month's Patch Tuesday. You will need to verify that all your devices have a common Kerberos Encryption type. reg add "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Netlogon\\Parameters" /v RequireSeal /t REG\_DWORD /d 0 /f Half of our domain controllers are updated, and about half of our users get a 401 from the backend server, and for the rest of the users, it is working as normal. See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2210019 to learn more. The beta and preview chanels don't actually seem to preview anything resembling releases, instead they're A/B testing which is useless to anyone outside of Microsoft. The next issue needing attention is the problem of mismatched Kerberos Encryption Types and missing AES keys. If you useMonthly Rollup updates, you will need to install both the standalone updates listed above to resolve this issue, and install the Monthly Rollups released November 8, 2022, to receive the quality updates for November 2022. The whole thing will be carried out in several stages until October 2023. It's also mitigated by a single email and/or an auto response to any ticket with the word "Authenticator" in it after February 23rd. Kerberos replaced the NTLM protocol to be the default authentication protocol for domain connected devices on all Windows versions above Windows 2000. This is done by adding the following registry value on all domain controllers. You need to investigate why they have been configured this way and either reconfigure, update, or replace them. Make sure they accept responsibility for the ensuing outage. So now that you have the background as to what has changed, we need to determine a few things. Windows Server 2012: KB5021652 If the KDCs Kerberos client is NOT configured to support any of the encryption types configured in the accounts msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute then the KDC will NOT issue a TGT or Service Ticket as there is no common Encryption type between the Kerberos Client, Kerberos enabled service, or the KDC. Keep in mind the following rules/items: If you have other third-party Kerberos clients (Java, Linux, etc.) This known issue the following KBs KB5007206, KB5007192, KB5007247, KB5007260, KB5007236, KB5007263. Explanation: The fix action for this was covered above in the FAST/Windows Claims/Compound Identity/Resource SID compression section. Kerberos has replaced the NTLM protocol as the default authentication protocol for domain-connected . Click Select a principal and enter the startup account mssql-startup, then click OK. "If you have already installed updates released November 8, 2022, you do not need to uninstall the affected updates before installing any later updates including the [OOB] updates.". After deploying the update, Windows domain controllers that have been updated will have signatures added to the Kerberos PAC Buffer and will be insecure by default (PAC signature is not validated). If the account does have msds-SupportedEncryptionTypes set, this setting is honored and might expose a failure to have configured a common Kerberos Encryption type masked by the previous behavior of automatically adding RC4 or AES, which is no longer the behavior after installation of updates released on or after November 8, 2022. IT administrators are reporting authentication issues after installing the most recent May 2022 Patch Tuesday security updates, released this week. With the November 2022 security update, some things were changed as to how the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) Service on the Domain Controller determines what encryption types are supported by the KDC and what encryption types are supported by default for users, computers, Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA), and trust objects within the domain. The Kerberos Key Distrbution Center lacks strong keys for account. Event ID 27 Description: While processing a TGS request for the target server http/foo.contoso.com, the account admin@CONTOSO.COM did not have a suitable key for generating a Kerberos ticket (the missing key has an ID of 9). This is caused by a known issue about the updates. The requested etypes were 18 17 23 24 -135. With this update, all devices will be in Audit mode by default: If the signature is either missing or invalid, authentication is allowed. (Another Kerberos Encryption Type mismatch)Resolution: Analyze the DC, the service account that owns the SPN, and the client to determine why the mismatch is occurring. Additionally, an audit log will be created. Microsoft releases another document, explaining further details related to the authentication problem caused by the security update addressing the privilege escalation vulnerabilities in Windows . Or is this just at the DS level? Also, Windows Server 2022: KB5019081. Description: The Kerberos client received a KRB_AP_ERR_MODIFIED error from the server ADATUMWEB$. You must update the password of this account to prevent use of insecure cryptography. You can read more about these higher bits here:FAST, Claims, Compound authandResource SID compression. Asession keyhas to be strong enough to withstand cryptanalysis for the lifespan of the session. The November 8, 2022 Windows updates address security bypass and elevation of privilege vulnerabilities with Privilege Attribute Certificate (PAC) signatures. Changing or resetting the password of krbtgt will generate a proper key. The list of Kerberos authentication scenarios includes but is not limited to the following: The complete list of affected platforms includes both client and server releases: While Microsoft hasstarted enforcing security hardeningfor Netlogon and Kerberos beginning with the November 2022 Patch Tuesday, the company says this known issue is not an expected result. The target name used was HTTP/adatumweb.adatum.com. MOVE your Windows domain controllers to Audit mode by using the Registry Key setting section. , The Register Biting the hand that feeds IT, Copyright. Afflicted systems prompted sysadmins with the message: "Authentication failed due to a user . This seems to kill off RDP access. A special type of ticket that can be used to obtain other tickets. All users are able to access their virtual desktops with no problems or errors on any of the components. I dont see any official confirmation from Microsoft. Where (a.) See below screen shot of an example of a user account that has these higher values configured but DOES NOT have an encryption type defined within the attribute. Kerberos replaced the NTLM protocol to be the default authentication protocol for domain connected devices on all Windows versions above Windows 2000. Or should I skip this patch altogether? Meanwhile businesses are getting sued for negligence for failing to patch, even if those patches might break more than they fix. Later versions of this protocol include encryption. Within the German blog post November 2022-Updates fr Windows: nderungen am Netlogon- und Kerberos-Protokoll and within the English version Updates for Windows (Nov. 2022): Changes in Netlogon and Kerberos protocol - causing issues affected administrators are discussing strategies how to mitigate the authentification issues. If you are experiencing this signature above, Microsoft strongly recommends installing the November out of band patch (OOB) which mitigated this regression. TACACS: Accomplish IP-based authentication via this system. Audit mode will be removed in October 2023, as outlined in theTiming of updates to address Kerberos vulnerabilityCVE-2022-37967 section. It includes enhancements and corrections since this blog post's original publication. Microsoft has flagged the issue affecting systems that have installed the patch for the bug CVE-2020-17049, one of the 112 vulnerabilities addressed in the November 2020 Patch Tuesday update .. We are about to push November updates, MS released out-of-band updates November 17, 2022. Remote Desktop connections using domain users might fail to connect. Users of Windows systems with the bug at times were met with a "Microsoft-Windows-Kerberos-Key-Distribution-Center Event ID 14 error event" notice in the System section of the Event Log on their Domain Controller with text that included: "While processing an AS request for target service , the account did not have a suitable key for generating a Kerberos ticket (the missing key has an ID of 1).". Configurations where FAST/Windows Claims/Compound Identity/Disabled Resource SID Compression were implemented had no impact on the KDCs decision for determining Kerberos Encryption Type. This can occur when the target server principal name (SPN) is registered on an account other than the account the target service is using. Authentication protocols enable authentication of users, computers, and services, making it possible for authorized services and users to access resources in a secure manner. This also might affect. "You do not need to apply any previous update before installing these cumulative updates," according to Microsoft. Authentication protocols enable. Werecommendthat Enforcement mode is enabled as soon as your environment is ready. Admins who installed the November 8 Microsoft Windows updates have been experiencing issues with Kerberos network authentication. The November updates, according to readers of BleepingComputer, "break Kerberos in situations where you have set the 'This account supports Kerberos AES 256 bit encryption' or 'This account supports Kerberos AES 128 bit encryption' Account Options set" (i.e., the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute on user accounts in AD). This will allow use of both RC4 and AES on accounts when msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes value of NULL or 0. Kerberos authentication essentially broke last month. Fixed our issues, hopefully it works for you. To learn more about these vulnerabilities, see CVE-2022-37966. Can anyone recommend any sites to sign up for notifications to warn us such as what we have just witnessed with MSFT released November patches potential issues? If updates are not available, you will need to upgrade to a supported version of Windows or move any application or service to a compliant device. I have been running Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials as a VM on Hyper-V Server 2012 R2 (Server Core) for several months. By now you should have noticed a pattern. Microsoft has issued a rare out-of-band security update to address a vulnerability on some Windows Server systems. If you have the issue, it will be apparent almost immediately on the DC. This indicates that the target server failed to decrypt the ticket provided by the client. Next StepsInstall updates, if they are available for your version of Windows and you have the applicable ESU license. It is a network service that supplies tickets to clients for use in authenticating to services. This update will set AES as the default encryption type for session keys on accounts that are not marked with a default encryption type already. Identify areas that either are missing PAC signatures or have PAC Signatures that fail validation through the Event Logs triggered during Audit mode. Adds PAC signatures to the Kerberos PAC buffer. Changing or resetting the password of will generate a proper key. systems that are currently using RC4 or DES: Contact the third-party vendor to see if the device/application can be reconfigured or updated to support AES encryption, otherwise replace them with devices/applications that support AES encryption and AES session keys. Microsoft is rolling out fixes for problems with the Kerberos network authentication protocol on Windows Server after it was broken by November Patch Tuesday updates. If you have an ESU license, you will need to install updates released on or after November 8, 2022and verify your configuration has a common Encryption type available between all devices. For more information about how to do this, see theNew-KrbtgtKeys.ps1 topic on the GitHub website. Deploy the November 8, 2022 or later updates to all applicable Windows domain controllers (DCs). There was a change made to how the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) Service determines what encryption types are supported and what should be chosen when a user requests a TGT or Service Ticket. If the Users/GMSAs/Computers/Service accounts/Trust objects msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute was NULL (blank) or a value of 0, the KDC assumes account only supports RC4_HMAC_MD5. You might have authentication failures on servers relating to Kerberos Tickets acquired via S4u2self. Misconfigurations abound as much in cloud services as they are on premises. If no objects are returned via method 1, or 11B checker doesnt return any results for this specific scenario, it would be easier to modify the default supported encryption type for the domain via a registry value change on all the domain controllers (KDCs) within the domain. (Default setting). Here's an example of that attribute on a user object: If you havent patched yet, you should still check for some issues in your environment prior to patching via the same script mentioned above. 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