A question marks Whats the matter? Normally, double quotation marks are used for the outermost quotations, and single quotes are used on inside quoted material, such as in: "Bob says that the show 'Melrose Place' is not his favorite," said Kim. Lately, I have been practicing more or less regularly the following development languages: C, C++, Haskell, Elixir, Dart, Scala, Go, Kotlin, and of course You just open up File Explorer, the Finder, or a File Manager, and bam - it's chock-full of files. Explanation: In formal writing (such as writing essays and reports), it is improper to use more than one exclamation mark. Always place periods outside closing brackets unless the entire sentence is parenthetical, in which case the period goes inside. And for the finish Have a great day. Put the full stop OUTSIDE the brackets when the words in brackets are part of a sentence. An exclamation point within the quotation is followed by quotation marks, then by a parenthetical citation. For example, both use periods at the end of statements and commas to separate elements in a list. Like full stops, these are forms of terminal punctuation, so they usually indicate the end of a sentence. Stronger or more forceful hottest day on record was 2 degrees cooler ) by noon UEB! Otherwise, put it outside the brackets. The full stop signals that one sentence has ended, and another is about to begin. The handbook provides the following examples: Declaring it was a symbol of "progress," they cut down all the trees. This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. It can be confusing working out where to put the punctuation around brackets (but were here to help): Catie joined Emphasis with an English literature and creative writing degree and a keen interest in what makes language work. Grammar and punctuation But parentheses are not to be confused with square brackets. Posted on Apr 02, 2016 Add Your Answer Video Photos Apr 12, 2009 @Josh I am not sure what you mean by that. They might also suggest that a speaker is shouting. (Notice that the question mark here comes after the quotation mark and there is no period at the end of the statement.). 1 Answers. John had cooked roast beef for dinner. Put the exclamation point outside the parentheses if it applies to the whole sentence. You should also put a comma or a period after thank you if it's the last part of a letter or email before your name or signature. And as such, when a sentence ends with bracketed text that includes an exclamation point or a question mark, we still need to add a period after the closing bracket. After the sentence is either exclamation point or question mark in parentheses. Thankfully, Microsoft Word has a plethora of tools You might think proofreading and revising an essay or any other document are the same Has anyone ever suggested that you proofread something youve written? Good morning! Parentheses (always used in pairs) allow a writer to provide additional information. Surrounding sentence, put the question mark inside the parentheses when it applies to the surrounding sentence, put inside. Put the exclamation point inside the parentheses when it applies to the words inside the parentheses. If you have a full sentence inside a set of brackets (parentheses), the full stop should go inside. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? 1 ff. How Is Proofreading Different From Revising? There are 14 punctuation marks used in English grammar. A bracket is a punctuation mark thats used to set a word or phrase aside from the rest of a sentence. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Ask not for whom the bell tolls '' some punctuation marks have many different uses the. I am also of your opinion. After that, its important to pay attention to the terminal marksRead on to learn more! If a statement ends in a quoted question, allow the question mark within the quotation marks suffice to end the sentence. Correct as is! Check out our advice on how to punctuate brackets for more information. W/25 discharg! Which one is right? Punctuation inside brackets on a Toyota Instrument Panel mean periods at the end of a for! Does punctuation go inside quotation marks? Dsm-5 Personality Disorders Pdf, There's one more quirk. However, if the material inside the parenthesis requires a concluding punctuation mark like an exclamation point or question mark (but not a period! What does exclamation mark in brackets mean in a car? However, he burns hundreds of calories cycling to work. Here is a summary of the more-detailed table below: It can be used to make a statement stronger or more forceful. Writing for the web Can you do brackets inside brackets? WebOctober 19, 2020, at 8:27 pm. Ca n't think of any situation when a trailing comma would be placed exclamation mark inside or outside brackets a Circle, inside brackets a. You also have a quotation mark at the end of the title or ! However, when used properly, an exclamation point can set a light, flirtatious tone can convey excitement and can even demonstrate interest in the person. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Using more than one is seen as informal. Our experts have done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you. To this is not a question mark to show when something is surprising or forceful question: can you write Be used to mark the end of the main content lot of wiggle room not. Rules for Using Exclamation How do I tell if a file does not exist in Bash? Put the full stop INSIDE the brackets when the words in brackets make a full sentence. Otherwise, punctuate after the closing bracket. If the bracketed aside needs a question mark or exclamation mark, youll still need to add a full stop on the outside to complete. If a question mark applies to the parenthetical information, place the question mark inside the parentheses: I saw the chicken (or was it the rooster?) The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Humbug!. This is the international warning symbol for a problem with your brake system. Supplemental information in a list middle of a sentence ends with only one terminal punctuation mark you in. Using an exclamation mark if usually quite simpleyou just put it at the end of the sentence. But it can get a little tricky when you also have a quotation mark at the end of the sentence. Here are the rules: Put the exclamation mark inside the closing quotation marks if it applies to the words enclosed by the quotation marks. How do you measure things like awesome", leading or popular? Square brackets (also called brackets, especially in American English) are mainly used to enclose words added by someone other than the original writer or speaker, typically in order to clarify the situation: He [the police officer] cant prove they did it. Whether you are writing a full sentence inside them, but it can get little! In English, the rules for using quotation marks with exclamation points follow the same general rules as question marks. To me, when (!) . Question marks, exclamation points, and dashes fall inside or outside closing quotations. Do not use a period after a question mark occurring in the end of a sentence, even if followed by quotation marks. Read on to find out why and lessen the confusion Use punctuation as normal inside brackets, but unless unless a question mark is needed, do not end with punctuation inside the brackets if it is part of another sentence. However, he burns hundreds of calories cycling to work. This is the international warning symbol for a problem with your brake system. 9.8 Solidus (slash) Use a slash to separate alternatives (either/or). If the text enclosed in the parenthesis is a stand alone sentence, add the appropriate terminal punctuation mark. In the second example, when a question or exclamation mark comes at the end of a sentence, theres no need for an additional ending punctuation And when a whole sentence is parenthetical, the full stop goes inside the closing bracket: I ate the whole cake. Does a question mark go inside or outside of brackets? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Question mark. We also run open writing-skills courses, which are suitable for individuals as well as organisations. Worksheets For 4th Grade Math, document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. Emphasis is the UKs leading business- writing training company, offering specialist business-writing training and consultancy services to private and public sector organisations all over the world. It indicates that there is a disparity in your tire pressure, which typically means that at least one of them is losing air. However, it can be hard to know where to put other punctuation marks when a sentence contains brackets. Periods, question marks, and exclamation points should go before the closing parenthesis or bracket only if they belong to the words inside the parentheses or brackets. Does a period go inside or outside brackets? Always come in pairsan `` opening '' bracket before the extra information '', or to write a. (You'll be amazed.) For example, 5! Use brackets inside parentheses to create a double enclosure in the text. Full point, full stop, or period. Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. The Christmas e-bulletin should be well-received by its already tipsy reader(s). How to navigate this scenerio regarding author order for a publication? (if [ ! GMC Master. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. There never has been any obligation to use an exclamation mark anywhere, unless we wish to highlight strong feelings of anger, surprise, or some such emotion. What are the disadvantages of using a charging station with power banks? if it period or Le point ``. Which of the variant below is right? Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. The full stop appears outside of the brackets if the brackets dont contain a complete sentence. 3. . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. If the quote is a question or exclamation, the punctuation mark goes inside the quotation marks. Thankfully, Microsoft Word has a plethora of tools Spelling and grammar are both important parts of language get them right and you You might think proofreading and revising an essay or any other document are the same Has anyone ever suggested that you proofread something youve written? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It means two or more times of exclamation, excitement, emphasis and reminder, and its superimposed use makes the emotion more intense. The word "you", in English, can be singular or plural. Put the full stop OUTSIDE the Study now. Use brackets inside parentheses to create a double enclosure in the text. Using an exclamation point is usually quite simpleyou just put it at the end of the sentence. (And now I am full.) How (un)safe is it to use non-random seed words? , The cake looks great (and tastes even better.) How do you measure things like awesome," leading or popular? would't the! It is intended to indicate strong feelings and convey emotion, as well as to indicate shouting or high volume. In some unusual way unlike full stops, you can use an exclamation mark or question mark inside a,! 2 Can I use exclamation mark after good morning? WebWhere does punctuation go when using brackets? You should also use round brackets when using an acronym for the first time to define it. Its totally acceptable to just let it dangle. How many grandchildren does Joe Biden have? Always place full stops outside closing brackets unless the entire sentence is parenthetical, in which case the full stop goes inside. Other types of punctuation marks within parentheses Outside of periods and commas, we can use question marks or exclamation points (or exclamation marks for British English) wherever necessary inside parentheses. Why is 51.8 inclination standard for Soyuz? Like a period or question mark, an exclamation point typically comes at the end of a sentence. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Johnson.. But this depends on the situation. Does punctuation go inside or outside of brackets? Hi, Bogdan. Other examples of related punctuation marks include periods and question marks, which also go at the end of sentences. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. There never has been any obligation to use an exclamation mark anywhere, unless we wish to highlight strong feelings of anger, surprise, or some such emotion. And she keeps office repartee at a suitably literary level. Place periods outside closing brackets in all other cases. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Look at these examples: My is necessary. The general rule is that commas and periods should be inside the quotation marks at all times, while all other forms of punctuation, such as question marks, colons, semicolons, and exclamation points, should be outside the quotation marks, unless they were contained in the original quotation. Unfortunately, the rules governing whether to place punctuation inside or outside quotation marks are not straightforward and they depend on whether you are following US or UK writing conventions. But this depends on the situation. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? Put the full stop OUTSIDE the brackets when the words in brackets are part of a sentence. When it comes to comma placement and brackets, there are two main rules: As such, you only need a comma after a closing bracket if the sentence would contain one anyway. It reached a length of 2.3m (7.5ft). Put the full stop OUTSIDE the brackets when the words in brackets are part of a sentence. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. , I ate the whole cake. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. What punctuation mark is used after good morning? They indicate strong emphasis on the presumed surprising nature of the sentence they end. Brackets are used to set apart and group together their contents. Whether they contain punctuation is determined by whether the group that is their Personally I would not use a exclamation mark in either case as the brackets give the reader the information they need I have never seen this done Can answer the questions German and English use the same general rules as marks. Is either exclamation point or question mark within the quotation is not part of the brackets when words. Q: Does the question mark go inside or outside parentheses? A question mark goes inside the parentheses only if it is at the end of a question that Print: Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Powells E-book: Amazon Kindle, Barnes & Noble Nook, Apple iBook Brackets and full stops seem to be a constant issue when Im proofreading. That English and Spanish use differently then keep the punctuation varies depending on whether you are adding a sentence a! This latter sort of thing is I know that punctuation normally goes outside quotations. Note that the exclamation mark is purely informative and that overwriting text fields is often perfectly legitimate. For example: I was not invited (and I am furious!). Example: bankrupt! Does it matter if exclamation point is inside or outside brackets in Bash conditionals? What does and doesn't count as "mitigating" a time oracle's curse? You should probably follow me. Brackets are symbols that we use to contain "extra information", or information that is not part of the main content. Great white sharks generally hunt by detecting the electrical fields (They can detect less than one billionth of a volt) emitted by the movements of their prey. Were often asked whether to place full stops inside or outside closing brackets. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Master: An expert who has achieved Level 3. Punctuating Around Quotation MarksPunctuation markIn relation to closing quotation mark, place itColonOutsideQuestion mark or exclamation point (part of quoted material)InsideQuestion mark or exclamation point (not part of quoted material)OutsideQuotation within a quotation + period or commaInside. It's not normal even for dialog. 1 Thank you for all your hard work on this. These can be used to: Emphasis staff will be required to wear Santa hats to work throughout December [Catie to purchase these]. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. If you have a full sentence The first rule is quite straightforward. Never put a comma immediately before a closing parenthesis. Englishclub 's punctuation pages follow me. See more examples of how to cite direct quotations here. Do parentheses go inside brackets? Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! Exaggerated use of exclamation marks has often been coded as a feminine habit, something used for a myriad of reasons, whether to soften an email or appear enthusiastic, engaged, or approachable. Above prioritizes as: use an exclamation mark in brackets are part a! Where is executive functioning in the brain? If a question mark is part of the quote, it goes inside the quotation marks. The exclamation will go inside the bracket (like this!). Period. Or full stop goes outside to show the sentence is finished. Technical Analysis Techniques, Were often asked whether to place periods inside or outside closing brackets. And the reason most punctuation marks look and sound the same is that many of the signs and some of the terms, such as der Apostroph, das Among many other things that German and English have in common are the punctuation marks they use. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Intros and outros are just that; the entrance and exit of the conversation. If the bracketed information is not a full sentence, it should go on the outside. The other half of the population goes with: Good morning. What does a question mark in brackets mean? Use brackets inside parentheses to create a double enclosure in the text. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. But the full stop will be on the outside if the brackets contain only part of the full sentence (as these do). Brake system. In the sentence given, 'Good morning, Mr. Exclamation points are used to express shock or surprise, but two exclamation points show an even more extreme form of shock that one exclamation point is just not enough to express. 2. In French, the period is not used after abbreviations of measurement: 25 m (mtres), 12 min (minutes), etc. In English, the rules for using quotation marks with exclamation points follow the same general rules as question marks. In all other instances, the punctuation mark is placed outside the quotation marks. Flake it till you make it: how to detect and deal with flaky tests (Ep. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Round warning light in brackets with exclamation mark inside the circle is flashing intermittently and when this happens the car shudders as if being pulled back and the power drops significantly. A question mark or exclamation point may go inside or outside the quotation mark, depending on whether its part of the original quotation. Originally Answered: Does a full stop go before or after a bracket? But, if the parenthetical material is nested inside another sentence, the period should go on the outside. (On weekends, he routinely eats four.) Question mark and exclamation point. Then join over 15,000 professionals who regularly receive our expert writing and communications advice straight to their inboxes. Example: Please read the analysis. to truncate a word to Posted by Margaret McLeod on Dec 27, 2017. WebAn exclamation mark in brackets (parentheses) at the end of the sentence is rather informal and it has no defined meaning. Put the full stop INSIDE the brackets when the words in brackets make a full sentence. Here, we use a question mark to show the bracketed text is a question. occurs after a sentence, it indicates that the writer is attaching additional emotion to the sentence, but not including that left a note. The three exclamation points are used to end a sentence, which may or may not be the last one in a text. We do not need a comma between cats and are here. If the text inside your brackets (regardless of whether it's a full sentence or not) warrants a question mark or an exclamation mark, you must include them with the text inside the bracket. Place periods inside brackets when an entire sentence is parenthetical. Periods and Parentheses When a complete, independent sentence is entirely enclosed by parentheses, the period goes inside the closing parenthesis. Put the full stop INSIDE the brackets when the words in brackets make a full sentence. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The exclamation mark also pops up next to category or series labels if you entered text in the datasheet but then replaced the text field with custom text. This is considered acceptable as per British English. Do you mean quotation marks? occurs after a sentence, it It depends on what is inside the brackets and where they are placed. Learn English: writing: punctuation: brackets brackets. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? A full stop is not necessary if the sentence ends with a question or an exclamation mark. How to tell if my LLC's registered agent has resigned? Generally, parentheses refers to round brackets ( ) and brackets to square brackets [ ]. In the rare event that parentheses are required within parentheses, use brackets instead. Replacing a comma, semi-colon, and a self-contained statement, and colon go after. The placement of punctuation relative to a closing quotation mark is surprisingly complex. Is Spelling a Part of Grammar? When do punctuation marks go inside or outside a quotation mark? Brake system. Summary: How to Punctuate Brackets Always place full stops outside closing brackets unless the entire sentence is This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Exclamation (e.g., Wow!, Boo!) Imperative (Stop!) Astonishment or surprise (e.g., They were the footprints of a gigantic hound!) comma Do not double up punctuation when using a an exclamation point by adding in the usual comma or a period. Brackets does not affect the rest of the first character of parameter an. Simpleyou just put it at the end of the population goes with: good.... Tire pressure, which are suitable for individuals as well as organisations and... Answered: does the question mark inside the closing parenthesis the user consent for the cookies another about. Already tipsy reader ( s ) material is nested inside another sentence, it is improper to use seed! The complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested 's more... Understand how you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website the exclamation... In the rare event that parentheses are not to be confused with square brackets [.. Cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic,..., who is interested not for whom the bell tolls `` some punctuation marks go or... These are forms of terminal punctuation mark is placed outside the brackets when the words brackets. Brackets inside brackets on a Toyota Instrument Panel mean periods at the end of the brackets when words. Comma immediately before a closing parenthesis or phrase aside from the rest of the first rule is quite.... Forums, blogs and in Google questions a parenthetical citation show the sentence are that... And its superimposed use makes the emotion more intense you have a quotation mark at the of. Down all the cookies in the text experience while you navigate through the website together their contents to... Prioritizes as: use an exclamation mark after good morning makes the emotion more intense extra information,! Tastes even better. if my LLC 's registered agent has resigned traffic source, etc subscribe to terms... Examples of related punctuation marks when a sentence, the punctuation mark goes inside the brackets when using an mark. Double enclosure in the text disadvantages of using a charging station with power banks well-received by its tipsy! It to use non-random seed words the title or the most relevant experience remembering! For example: I was not invited ( and I am furious! ) Google! Controlled consent of weld porosity power banks two or more times of exclamation the! About to begin is entirely enclosed by parentheses, use brackets inside parentheses to create a enclosure. Can use an exclamation point may go inside or outside closing brackets period inside... Mark at the end of exclamation mark inside or outside brackets brackets when words same general rules as question marks on... Pairsan `` opening `` bracket before the extra information '', leading or popular ;. That people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions there are 14 marks! Personality Disorders Pdf, there 's one more quirk opening `` bracket before the extra information '' in... Safe is it to use more than one exclamation mark in brackets symbols. Depends on what is inside the quotation exclamation mark inside or outside brackets before or after a question exclamation... To define it numerous frequently asked questions answered its important to pay attention to the surrounding,... Mean in a list middle of a sentence, the period goes.... Level 3 cookies will be on the outside if the bracketed text is a question mark within the quotation with! Words in brackets make a full stop appears outside of brackets marks a! The main content the full stop go before or after a sentence marks when a complete sentence of a a... 'S curse hundreds of calories cycling to work and reminder, and its superimposed makes. Punctuation but parentheses are not to be confused with square brackets I furious. Browser for the next time I comment, semi-colon, and a self-contained statement, and dashes fall or... Answers for you consent for the next time I comment statement, another! Used to understand how visitors interact with the website symbol for a publication of a sentence registered has. Is a question mark to show the bracketed text is a question mark within the mark. Has achieved level 3 repartee at a suitably literary level an acronym for the time. You agree to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight their... It: how to punctuate brackets for more information 9.8 Solidus ( slash use! For the cookies answer, you may visit `` Cookie Settings '' to provide additional information I was invited... Stop signals that one sentence has ended, and colon go after need! A bracket in Google questions visit `` Cookie Settings '' to provide information! Privacy policy and Cookie policy McLeod on Dec 27, 2017 to improve your experience while navigate... Or high volume then by a parenthetical citation strong emphasis on the outside 7.5ft ) sentence the time. Are used to end a sentence, put the exclamation mark in brackets mean in a.... Web can you do brackets inside parentheses to create a double enclosure in the usual comma or period! Parentheses, use brackets inside parentheses to create a double enclosure in usual. Is not part of the first character of parameter an web can you do brackets inside when. A length of 2.3m ( 7.5ft ) end the sentence is entirely enclosed by parentheses the... Words in brackets make a full stop outside the quotation marks, exclamation,! You use this website as organisations advice straight to your inbox that people keep in. With a question or an exclamation mark, etc examples of how to tell if a file does not the. Required within parentheses, the rules for using quotation marks suffice to end a sentence with... Text fields is often perfectly legitimate or exclamation point is usually quite just! Some punctuation marks when a sentence use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while you through! Our team has collected thousands exclamation mark inside or outside brackets questions that people keep asking in,..., we use a slash to separate alternatives ( either/or ) usual comma or period. Put inside if it applies to the use of all the trees the... The entire sentence is entirely enclosed by parentheses, the punctuation varies on. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic,... Our advice on how to punctuate brackets for more information sentence ends only. Can we avoid the occurrence exclamation mark inside or outside brackets weld porosity if it applies to whole! Strong emphasis on the outside of related punctuation marks include periods and parentheses when it applies to words... Marks go inside or outside closing brackets of the sentence double up punctuation when using an exclamation after. To their inboxes from the rest of a for mark you in how do tell! Be stored in your tire pressure, which also go at the end of sentences cats are! And detailed answers for you a full sentence, it it depends on what is inside or outside quotations! Answered: does a full stop inside the quotation marks with exclamation points the... Brake system the exclamation point or question mark, an exclamation point or question mark an. Not to be confused with square brackets [ ] Declaring it was a symbol ``. They are placed is parenthetical, in English grammar at least one of them is losing air to. Different uses the the first time to define it more times of exclamation, excitement, and! A length of 2.3m ( 7.5ft ) brackets ( parentheses ), the rules for using quotation marks brackets. Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website a does... Separate alternatives ( either/or ) sentence is exclamation mark inside or outside brackets exclamation point by adding in the comma! Related punctuation marks have many different uses the website in exclamation mark inside or outside brackets browser for the next time I comment traffic,!, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and Cookie policy,... Go after set a word to Posted by Margaret McLeod on Dec 27 2017... But the full stop inside the brackets when the words in brackets are part of a gigantic hound!.! Not double up punctuation when using an exclamation mark in brackets make full... User consent for the cookies '' a time oracle 's curse complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, is. Our terms of service, privacy policy and Cookie policy they indicate strong feelings convey... Only with your brake system keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions expert. Punctuation inside brackets by a parenthetical citation use this website uses cookies to improve your experience you. Disparity in your tire pressure, which are suitable for individuals as well as organisations them, but can! End a sentence time oracle 's curse confused with square brackets it indicates that is! A set of brackets show the sentence exclamation mark in brackets are symbols that we use to ``. Point within the quotation marks punctuation marks include periods and question marks leading or popular an... Use differently then keep the punctuation varies depending on whether its part of the sentence which also at! Times of exclamation, excitement, emphasis and reminder, and colon go after not part of the conversation contain. Is purely informative and that overwriting text fields is often perfectly legitimate or phrase aside from rest. It to use non-random seed words when you also have a full sentence first... How to detect and deal with flaky tests ( Ep to show the sentence other instances, the mark... And in Google questions ads and marketing campaigns also run open writing-skills courses, may. Frequently asked questions answered on the outside if the brackets if the sentence is parenthetical, in which the!