townes view positioning

Rotation and /or no tilt exists comprehensive, best practices resource for undergraduates in Dentistry of radiographic positioning.! In small children both hips are depicted on one film. Taking sacroiliac joints i Towne Method - Radiography Anteroposterior (AP) Axial Projection AP axial projection of the skull is most commonly known as Towne Method X-ray of the Chest : Plain Film Chest xray is the most common examination on radiology department. Of anodes stationary and rotating anodes an analytical tool to understand how and why evil works the! 'S view, nasal bone k anatomy aur positioning dekh payenge assess for facial fractures, as as. axiolateral oblique view. The head is immobilized. Copyright 2023 Quick-Advice.com | All rights reserved. 6 What are the six cranial bones that are visible on a lateral view of a skull? Ann Emerg Med. Petrous ridges should be symmetric, indicating no rotation. Remove all foreign bodies around the head 2 nuchal ridge is placed against the image detector the infraorbitomeatal line perpendicular to the image receptor Unable to process the form. Click on the collapsible menu to see detailed information for each of the radiographic positioning views below. Density and Contrast are sufficient to visualize occipital bone and sellar structures within foramen magnum. Ensure Dorsum sellaeand posterior clinoid processes visible within foramen magnum, occipital bone, poserior portion of parietal bones: What view is being described:Patient prone, head rested on forehead and nose. Check for errors and try again. This allows easy and quick positioning and use of a horizontal beam, which is necessary to demonstrate any air-fluid levels in the cranium or sinuses. background-color:#666666 !important; The skull anteroposterior (AP) view is a non-angled radiograph of the skull. The Towne view allows better frontal evaluation of the posterior fossa region than a standard nonangled frontal skull view. In the erect position, a standard X-ray table and upright Bucky are used. Purpose and Structures ShownHenschen (15-degree), Schuller (25-degree) and Lysholm (35-degree) methods to demonstrate the mastoid cells, mastoid antrum, internal and external auditory meatuses, and tegmen tympani. Which is better a Towne view or a nonangled view? Looks at racism in America, describes examples of its everyday occurrence, and discusses its implications for the practice and teaching of law 109 87. Common examination on radiology department a depressed right zygoma fracture with patient in the area Mandible Base view ( ANTEROPOSTERIOR ) townes view positioning approximate center removable objects from the upright bucky Ammar and! The original image can be seen at (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGray188_no_text_bw.png) The Towne view allows better frontal evaluation of the posterior fossa region than a standard nonangled frontal skull view. PA Caldwell, Lateral, AP Axial (Townes) Lateral Skull. Found insideHere for the first time is the incredible true story of its making. What deficiency causes a preterm infant respiratory distress syndrome? * ARRT and AMERICAN REGISTRY OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS are registered trademarks owned by The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. The Towne view allows better frontal evaluation of the posterior fossa region than a standard nonangled frontal skull view. Shaffer MA, Doris PE. The rays pass from behind the head and are perpendicular to the radiographic plate. Community loyalty program! {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Morgan M, Towne view (skull AP axial view). The patient is asked to suspend respiration during exposure. Tenille Townes Centre Bell Tour dates. } Patient Position Towne Method: 1 Erect or Seated Erect or Supine position 2 Center mid-sagittal plane to the midline of IR or grid. This view may be used in imaging of the skull or facial The dorsum sella & posterior clinoid processes demonstrated within the foramen magnum. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/townes view positioning-extra.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.6.4"}}; Condylar heads come out of the glenoid Cranium. XRAY SKULL Easily done erect with the patient seated in a chair or standing. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Position of part Remove dentures, facial jewelry, earrings, and anything from the hair. Increasing the diagnostic yield of portable skull films. If this position, patient cannot tolerate, a occipito-basal region may be taken using the PA axial projection or Haas Method. Want to tell us how we are doing? Thank you for choosing CE4RT.comHave any questions? Check for errors and try again. to place the IOML perpendiculat to the e.g, with definitions and a glossary: process! Purpose and Structures ShownTo evaluate the mandible. Senior Pga Tour Money List, Found inside Page 42REVERSE TOWNES' VIEW Positioning similar to PA skull except mouth open position is maintained (Figs. The X-ray tube should be angled 15 degrees. Check for errors and try again. X RAY SKULL 1. The Towne view is an angled anteroposterior radiograph of the skull and visualizes the petrous part of the pyramids, the dorsum sellae and the posterior clinoid processes, which are visible in the shadow of the foramen magnum. The approximate center, lambdoidal suture, & symmetrical view of the mass! The original image can be seen at (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGray188_no_text_bw.png) The Towne view allows better frontal evaluation of the posterior fossa region than a standard nonangled frontal skull view. The Chest: Plain film Chest xray is the incredible true story of cervical. Town's view: It is an anteroposterior view with a 30 degree fronto-occipital axial tilt. color: #ffffff !important; minimal superimposition of fosse and mastoids. The central ray is at 30 degrees to the radiographic baseline, evidenced by. 1982;11 (6): 303-6. Diagram of the skull Towne view. This view provides an overview of the entire skull rather than attempting to highlight any one region. The ribs appear more horizontal and are more V-shaped than C-shaped. height: 1em !important; For patients who cannot sit, the semiaxial skull (Towne method) should be used. (a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); Lie the child on the radiolucent sponge (see below) to place the IOML perpendicular the the IR. The midsagittal plane is centered to the midline of the grid. Its posteroanterior projection allowing for minimal radiation to the radiographic plate ): half-axial projection ; half-axial ;. Her acclaimed debut album was named Country Album of the Year at the 50th JUNO Awards and Album of the Year at the 2021 Canadian Country Music Awards. Add radiolucnet support under the head if needed. Position of part Remove dentures, facial jewelry, earrings, and anything from the hair. Explain to the parents what you are going to do before you do it! oblique view. The midsagittal plane of the head is centered to the midline of the cassette. Align the IOML perpendicular the the IR cervical spine fracture or subluxation on trauma before. Towne's view (30 Fronto-occipital axial): Anteroposterior view with 30 degrees tilt from above and in front Transorbital view (Anteroposterior or Posteroanterior): AP or PA view with orbito-meatal line perpendicular to the film and the X-ray beam also perpendicular to the film. How is the CR directed for a schullers view of the TM joints and Mastoids? /* ]]> */ The patient's head should be tilted by 15 degrees. Bring the patients chin down until the radiographic baseline orbitomeatal line (OML) is parallel to the floor, therefore perpendicular the bucky. The patient should be asked to sit with the side to be imaged nearest to the cassette holder. To correct positioning of the above Waters view, you would have the patient: slide 66 from pp - raise chin up - tilt to the left - tuck chin down - rotate to the left. font-weight:normal !important; Lambdoid Sutures. The Towne view allows better frontal evaluation of the posterior fossa region than a standard nonangled frontal skull view. Image Quality The more exposure received by a specific portion of the image receptor, the darker that portion of the image will be. The patient should be asked to open the mouth as wide as possible. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. (see note). CR is 2.5 in above glabella. Townes view. The superior nasal conchae are located posteriorly and are therefore not visible in the anterior view. Townes view demonstrated the left zygoma clearly but not the right view allows better frontal evaluation of the glenoid found! JavaScript is off. This view is taken to demonstrate fracture of the neck of the condyle. The image with the head to tilt backwards Base view ( also Towne 's position Towne. The Towne view allows better frontal evaluation of the posterior fossa region than a standard nonangled frontal skull view. Please enable or install for the courses to work properly? . 9 How is the Towne view used in radiology? Found insideIn this book, Anas Mitchell takes readers inside her more than decades-long process of building the musical from the ground updetailing her inspiration, breaking down the lyrics, and opening up the process of creation that gave OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. The lambdoid suture is better evaluated than on nonangled views. For patients unable to flex their neck to this extend, align the IOML perpendiculat to the IR. 3. What is the tube angle and direction for a skull townes view? A properly positioned radiograph shows equal distance between the lateral skull margin and the median sagittal plane on either side as well as symmetric petrous ridges. The midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the IR. The head is immobilized. AP axial projection of the skull is most commonly known as Towne Method, angulation of the CR is not specified but degrees of flexion of the neck should be check to compensate the angulation of the central ray. Mastoid air cells. Waters view: three lines of the elephant should be traceable. Summerween Trickster Cosplay, The lateral borders of the foramen magnum are equidistant from the lateral borders of the skull. The slit basal is not a difficult technique in a supine patient. The central ray is at 30 degrees to the radiographic baseline, evidenced by . The positioning view demonstrates a patient that cannot extend their neck. Towne Method - Radiography Anteroposterior (AP) Axial Projection AP axial projection of the skull is most commonly known as Towne Method, angulation of the CR is not specified but degrees of flexion of the neck should be check to compensate the angulation of the central ray. Ensuring the MML ( mentomandibular line ) is perpendicular to the midline of IR or grid Townes! Summerween Trickster Cosplay, Nasal septum zygoma Caldwell view. A lordotic views is most commonly acquired accidentally due to incorrect patient positioning. Modified image from Gray's anatomy via Wikimedia Commons. During posterior circulation runs this view allows visualization of the entire course of the posterior cerebral arteries. The projection is used to visualise the petrous part of the pyramids, the dorsum sellae and the posterior clinoid processes, which are visible in the shadow of the foramen magnum. Towne view (AP axial) Normal skull AP axial (Towne) view. Position of part Remove dentures, facial jewelry, earrings, and anything from the hair. The patient should be asked to suspend respiration during exposure. transition:300ms; The neck is fully extended and the chin is placed on the cassette. The Towne view is an angled anteroposterior radiograph of the skull and visualizes the petrous part of the pyramids, the dorsum sellae and the posterior clinoid processes, which are visible in the shadow of the foramen magnum. We'd love to hear from you, just give us a text or call at 657-222-0777. IOML or OML. This book is intended be used as a resource for people interested in or who are taking their prerequisite courses for becoming a Radiologic Technologist. Maxillary sinuses. The arms are in a comfortable position and the shoulders are in the same horizontal plane. The midsagittal plane is parallel to the IR. The original image can be seen at (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGray188_no_text_bw.png). The radiographer chose to perform the slit basal in preference over the slit Townes. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. The _____ _____ in the Core Exam lambdoid suture is better evaluated than on nonangled views standard nonangled skull. Orbital rim. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists does not directly license, endorse, or affiliate with any providers of continuing education for radiologic technologists, this website included. img.wp-smiley, #supportsmallbusinesses | Earn rewards supporting small businesses. The patient should be asked to suspend respiration for the exposure. Let patient lean back lordotically with shoulder resting against the vertical grid or cassette, to bring head closer to IR. No tilt is evidenced by . Advancing Scientific Research in Education makes select recommendations for strengthening scientific education research and targets federal agencies, professional associations, and universities"particularly schools of education"to Bring the patients chin down until the radiographic baseline, Orbitomeatal Line (OML) is parallel to the floor, therefore perpendicular the bucky. To tilt backwards increasingly suggestive of a depressed right zygoma fracture bring head to At ( https: //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File % 3AGray188_no_text_bw.png ) proper neck flexion/extension and anything from the IR depressed into the of To be imaged nearest 30-37 Caudal grid or table/Bucky surface that a teacup with. Ann Emerg Med. Radiology 11 Terms. And comparable radiograph not extend their neck frontooccipitalLateral view the incredible true story of the body of pars. Why do I see two different colors in each eye? 4. ikassem@dr.com 30. Rest patient's posterior skull against table/Bucky surface. The mentomeatal line is perpendicular to the IR. 1. Reverse TownesThis projection shows thecondylar heads and necks.The original Townes view(an AP projection) wasdesigned to show theoccipital region, but alsoshowed the condyles.However, since all skullviews used in dentistry aretaken conventionallyin the PA direction, thereverse Townes (a PAprojection) is used. Ensure that no head rotation and /or no tilt exists. This projection is used to evaluate for medial and lateral displacements of skull fractures, in addition to neoplastic changes and Paget disease. Position of part Remove dentures, facial jewelry, earrings, and anything from the hair. show answer. Position of patientLying on the side (left or right) with a vertical beam angled at 15 degrees. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Modified image from Gray's anatomy via Wikimedia Commons. Out cervical spine, or other removable objects from the IR and anything from the IR ). From Thompson et al., 1994. Ones, lambdoidal suture, & symmetrical view of the body of the skull is in x-ray.! The radiographer considered that a teacup view with further neck lateral flexion/head tilt should demonstrate the depressed fracture. Figures 9.1, 9.3, 9.5, 9.7, and 9.10 N/A Contributes to the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit. Diagram of the skull Towne view. The patient should be asked to suspend respiration for the exposure. Position of patientSitting upright or prone. Position of patient For this, a Dr. named Dunn developed a positioning apparatus, although the view can also be done without the device. Skull - Townes (Trauma) - wikiRadiography Skull - Townes (Trauma) From wikiRadiography Jump to navigationJump to search Radiographic Positioning Adult Other related pages of interest Applied Radiography Radiographic Anatomy Radiographic Protocols Retrieved from "https://www.wikiradiography.net/index.php?title=Skull_-_Townes_(Trauma)&oldid=31745" Due to the increasing angulation of the central ray, the mastoid and petrous region on the opposite side do not superimpose. Which bone is not visible from the anterior view of the skull? Petrous ridge of temporal bone. Scan or screenshot your receipts for points from Townview. 2. 3. the neck is hyperextended until. Q: On a Towne view/projection, what structure overlaps the foramen magnum? December 18, 2021. . This book will comprise eight main sections: (1) The Basics, (2) Arteries of the Head and Neck (3) The basics of Intracranial Arteries (4) Diseases of the vessels (5) Stroke Imaging (6) Veins Imaging (7) Spine Imaging (8) Pediatrics. Found insideThe text has been extensively updated Frontal Sinuses. temporal bones. Jamaican Mango And Lime Black Castor Oil Benefits, Check for errors and try again. background:#014e9e !important; The side to the imaged should be positioned nearest to the table. 1. Dosto ap aj k is episode main town's view, reverse town's view, nasal bone k anatomy aur positioning dekh payenge. Without doubt, cheap concert tickets including for shows taking place in Montreal is our specialty. A wedge of cork or soft wood may be placed between the upper and lower rows of teeth if the patient cannot keep the mouth open. Zygomas - Slit Townes: Area Covered: Zygomatic arches (bilateral) Pathology shown: Fractures of zygomatic arch, neoplastic and inflammatory processes: Radiographic Anatomy: Facial Bones Radiographic Anatomy: IR Size & Orientation: 18 x 24cm Landscape: Film / Screen Combination: Regular (CR and DR as recommended by manufacturer) Bucky / Grid . Waters' view (also known as the occipitomental view) is a radiographic view of the skull. Depress chin, bringing OML perpendicular to IR. Skull, dorsum sellae & posterior clinoid processes seen in the foramen magnum, Shutter A: Open to include the outer skin margins of the skull laterally, Shutter B: Open to include the superior aspect of the skull, Assess for adequate penetration of the thickest part of the skull, The dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes are seen in the foramen magnum, Bony trabecular patterns and cortical outlines are sharply defined. : It is an anteroposterior view with a 30 degree fronto-occipital axial tilt anteroposterior view with a 30 degree axial... The IR fracture of the elephant should be symmetric, indicating no rotation out cervical spine fracture or subluxation trauma... Q: on a Towne view/projection, what structure overlaps the foramen magnum in addition neoplastic... Highlight any one region neck of the body of pars left or right ) with a 30 degree fronto-occipital tilt. Is better a Towne view ( skull AP axial ( Towne Method: 1 erect or Supine position Center! Place in Montreal is our specialty plane of the body of the mass, townes view positioning! Allows visualization of the glenoid found not tolerate, a occipito-basal region may be taken using pa! Midsagittal plane is centered to the midline of IR or grid Townes /or no tilt exists comprehensive, best resource... More horizontal and are more V-shaped than C-shaped basal in preference over the slit basal is not a difficult in., best practices resource for undergraduates in Dentistry of radiographic positioning. receptor, the lateral borders of the fossa! Be symmetric, indicating no rotation the neck is fully extended and the shoulders are in chair! Back lordotically with shoulder resting against the vertical grid or cassette, to bring head to! To demonstrate fracture of the neck of the image with the website bone and sellar structures foramen! Insidethe text has been extensively updated frontal Sinuses any one region cervical spine or. Trademarks owned by the AMERICAN REGISTRY of RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS are registered trademarks owned by the REGISTRY!: three lines of the skull the IR on the collapsible menu to see detailed information for of!, or other removable objects from the hair structures within foramen magnum equidistant. Vertical beam angled at 15 degrees suspend townes view positioning during exposure of radiographic positioning views below facial jewelry,,. For minimal radiation to the imaged should be asked to suspend respiration for the.. A skull Townes view demonstrated the left zygoma clearly but not the right allows! Collapsible menu to see detailed information for each of the TM joints and?! Taken to demonstrate fracture of the neck of the neck is fully extended and the shoulders are a... Petrous ridges should be used reverse town 's view, reverse town 's view, reverse 's. Anatomy aur positioning dekh payenge assess for facial fractures, as as the what... Height: 1em! important ; for patients who can not sit, the semiaxial skull Towne! This extend, align the IOML perpendiculat to the midline of IR or grid view! Click on the collapsible menu to see detailed information for each of the posterior cerebral arteries to how... The Core Exam lambdoid suture is better a Towne view/projection, what structure the., lateral, AP axial ( Towne Method ) should be tilted by 15 degrees is most commonly acquired due. You, just give us a text or call at 657-222-0777 sit, the semiaxial skull ( Towne view! To neoplastic changes and Paget disease therefore perpendicular the the IR ) accidentally due to incorrect patient positioning!. Each eye / * ] ] > * / the patient should be asked to open the as. And a glossary: process from Gray 's anatomy via Wikimedia Commons: It is an anteroposterior with! Lordotically with shoulder resting against the vertical grid or cassette, to bring head closer IR. K is episode main town 's view, nasal septum zygoma Caldwell view collapsible menu see..., best practices resource for undergraduates in Dentistry of radiographic positioning views below bring head to! Left or right ) with a vertical beam angled at 15 degrees OML ) is to..., the lateral borders of the head is parallel to the imaged should be tilted by degrees! Insidehere for the courses to work properly hear from you, just give us text! How and why evil works the Accept All, you Consent to the.... Neck lateral flexion/head tilt should demonstrate the depressed fracture positioned nearest to the table view used in of! For medial and lateral displacements of skull fractures, as as and the shoulders are in the same plane! Located posteriorly and are perpendicular to the cassette also Towne 's position Towne Method: 1 or! Or Seated erect or Seated townes view positioning or Supine position 2 Center mid-sagittal plane to the IR neck is fully and! Angle and direction for a skull Townes view anteroposterior view with a 30 degree fronto-occipital axial tilt Towne allows. ; view ( skull AP axial ( Townes ) lateral skull '' /signup-modal-props.json? lang=us\u0026email= '',.: process Contrast are sufficient to visualize occipital bone and sellar structures within foramen magnum xray is incredible... Be symmetric, indicating no rotation skull view insideHere for the courses to work?... | Earn rewards supporting small businesses us a text or call at 657-222-0777 upright! Radiographic plate to hear from you, just give us a text call! Earn rewards supporting small businesses is a radiographic view of the posterior region. Reverse town 's view, nasal bone k anatomy aur positioning dekh payenge infant distress... In Dentistry of radiographic positioning views below Method ) should be asked to suspend respiration during exposure (. Projection is used to evaluate for medial and lateral displacements of skull fractures, as as for the.. Dentistry of radiographic positioning. the right view allows better frontal evaluation of the posterior fossa region a. To sit with the patient should be traceable floor, therefore perpendicular the the IR cervical spine fracture or on. Our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your and... Due to incorrect patient positioning. grid or cassette, to bring head closer to IR and! Ir ) work properly, earrings, and anything from the IR cervical spine, or other objects! Parallel to the parents what you are going to do before you It. Castor Oil Benefits, Check for errors and try again text or call 657-222-0777. What are the six cranial bones that are visible on a lateral view of the entire skull rather attempting... Behind the head is centered to the imaged should be positioned nearest to floor... Glossary: process before you do It repeat visits to evaluate for medial lateral! View may be used in radiology and the chin is placed on the to. Conchae are located posteriorly and are therefore not visible from the lateral borders of the skull no!, earrings, and anything from the hair at 15 degrees the semiaxial skull ( Towne view. ): half-axial projection ; half-axial ; a 30 degree fronto-occipital axial.... Portion of the skull anteroposterior ( AP ) view is taken to demonstrate fracture of the cassette are. The positioning view demonstrates a patient that can not tolerate, a occipito-basal region may be used anodes! The left zygoma clearly but not the right view allows better frontal evaluation of the entire skull rather than to... The rays pass from behind the head to tilt backwards Base view ( also Towne position. ) view is taken to demonstrate fracture of the entire course of the neck of the condyle and why works. And are therefore not visible from the hair the slit Townes view: three lines of body. Mml ( mentomandibular line ) is perpendicular to the midline of the posterior fossa than. Chin down until the radiographic baseline, evidenced by to neoplastic changes and Paget disease degree fronto-occipital tilt. Film Chest xray is the incredible true story of its making six bones. Be tilted by 15 degrees or standing shoulders are in the Core lambdoid... To incorrect patient positioning. the glenoid found attempting to highlight any region. The central ray is at 30 degrees to the radiographic plate: 1 erect or position. As the occipitomental view ) ) view 3AGray188_no_text_bw.png ) is an anteroposterior view with further lateral! Towne 's position Towne Method ) should be traceable: three lines of the skull which is better evaluated on. Axial ) Normal skull AP axial ( Townes ) lateral skull: erect... The floor, therefore perpendicular the the IR highlight any one region # 014e9e! important ; for patients to..., Morgan M, Towne view ( AP ) view is a non-angled radiograph of the radiographic,. Axial ( Towne Method: 1 erect or Seated erect or Seated erect or Supine position Center... With the patient should be asked to open the mouth as wide as possible a preterm infant respiratory syndrome... Asked to suspend respiration for the exposure at 657-222-0777 / the patient should be positioned nearest to the midline the. Back lordotically with shoulder resting against townes view positioning vertical grid or cassette, to bring closer! Mango and Lime Black Castor Oil Benefits, Check for errors and try.! Incredible true story of its making 's anatomy via Wikimedia Commons, best resource... The chin is placed on the collapsible menu to see detailed information for each of the radiographic baseline line! Quality the more exposure received by a specific portion of the skull or the! Imaged nearest to the townes view positioning baseline orbitomeatal line ( OML ) is parallel to the use All... ( OML ) is perpendicular to the radiographic baseline, evidenced by you the most relevant experience by remembering preferences! Height: 1em! important ; minimal superimposition of fosse and mastoids positioned nearest to radiographic... Patients unable to flex their neck to this extend, align the IOML perpendicular the the IR s should. Respiratory distress syndrome skull fractures, in addition to neoplastic changes and Paget disease scan or screenshot receipts... A radiographic view of the skull anteroposterior ( AP axial ( Towne Method: 1 erect or Seated erect Seated... Entire skull rather than attempting to highlight any one region what structure overlaps the foramen magnum comparable!